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Expectancy Violations Theory, or EVT, is a theory of communication that analyzes how individuals respond to unanticipated violations of social norms and expectations. The theory was proposed by Judee K. Burgoon in the late 1970s and continued through the 1980s and 1990s as "nonverbal expectancy violations theory", based on Burgoon's research studying proxemics.〔〔 Burgoon's work initially analyzed individuals' allowances and expectations of personal space and how responses to personal space violations were influenced by the level of liking and relationship to the violators. The theory was later changed to its current name when other researchers began to focus on violations of social behavior expectations beyond nonverbal communication.〔 Because EVT is sociopsychological in nature and focuses on social codes in both intrapersonal and interpersonal communication, it is closely related to communication theories such as cognitive dissonance and uncertainty reduction theory. This theory sees communication as an exchange of behaviors, where one individual's behavior can be used to violate the expectations of another. Participants in communication will perceive the exchange either positively or negatively, depending upon an existing personal relationship or how favorably the violation is perceived.〔Burgoon, J.K. (1983). Nonverbal Violations of Expectations: In J.M. Wiemann & R.R. Harrison (Eds.), Nonverbal Interaction, (pp. 11-77). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.〕 Expectancies are primarily based upon social norms and specific characteristics and idiosyncrasies of the communicators.〔 Expectancies can be derived directly from the current communication interaction but are often determined by a prexisting blend of person requirements (biological/survival needs), expectations (normative schemata) and desires (likes and dislikes) known as the mnemonic 'RED'. This is known as a person's interaction position (IP).〔"Griffin 2012" Griffin, EM. A First Look at Communication Theory.〕〔Beth A. Le Poire & Stephen M. Yoshimura (1999): The effects of expectancies and actual communication on nonverbal adaptation and communication outcomes: A test of interaction adaptation theory, Communication Monographs, 66:1, 1-30〕 Violations of expectancies cause arousal and compel the recipient to initiate a series of cognitive appraisals of the violation. The theory predicts that expectancies influence the outcome of the communication interaction as either positive or negative and predicts that positive violations increase the attraction of the violator and negative violations decrease the attraction of the violator.〔 Beyond proxemics and examining how people interpret violations in many given communicative contexts, EVT also makes specific predictions as to how individuals will react to a given expectation violation. Will an individual reciprocate or match someone’s unexpected behavior, or will that individual compensate or counteract by doing the opposite of that person's behavior? Before making a prediction about reciprocation or compensation, however, one must evaluate EVT's three core concepts: Expectancy, violation valence, and communicator reward valence.〔 Recently, this theory has undergone some reconstitution by Burgoon and her colleagues and has resulted in a newly proposed theory known as Interaction Adaptation Theory, which is a more comprehensive explanation of adaptation in interpersonal interaction.〔Miller, K. (2005). Communication Theories: Perspectives, Processes, and Contexts. NewYork: McGraw Hill.〕 == Components of Expectations Violations Theory == The Expectancy Violations Theory examines three components in interpersonal communication situations: Expectancies, communicator reward valence, and violation valence. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Expectancy violations theory」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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